Chemical Hazards

Chemicals can pose a wide range of health and safety risks depending on their properties, the routes of exposure, and how they are used or stored. Every chemical has the potential to be hazardous under certain conditions, and it is essential to recognize and control those hazards.

Potential health effects of chemical exposure include:

• Acute effects such as burns, poisoning, or respiratory distress
• Chronic effects such as cancer, organ damage, or reproductive harm
• Sensitization or allergic reactions after repeated exposure

Routes of exposure may include:

• Inhalation of vapors, dusts, or fumes
• Skin or eye contact
• Ingestion
• Injection (e.g., accidental needle sticks)

Key precautions include:

• Reviewing Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for hazard information
• Using proper personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Employing engineering controls such as fume hoods or glove boxes
• Following safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures

Physical Hazards

Physical hazards involve energy sources or mechanical conditions that can cause sudden injury or damage. These hazards often present immediate risks and may not require prolonged exposure to cause harm.

Common physical hazards include:

• Fires and explosions from flammable chemicals, ignition sources, or reactive materials
• Compressed gas cylinders, which can become dangerous projectiles if damaged or misused
• High vacuum systems, which may implode or shatter if improperly maintained
• Electrical hazards, including shocks, burns, or arc flashes from improper wiring or equipment use
• Cryogenic materials, which can cause severe cold burns or pressurization risks

Safety tips for managing physical hazards:

• Keep flammable materials away from heat or ignition sources
• Secure gas cylinders at all times and use proper regulators
• Inspect vacuum glassware regularly for damage
• Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) where appropriate
• Follow lockout/tagout procedures for energized systems

Always conduct a risk assessment before beginning work with hazardous equipment or materials. Training and proper supervision are essential to prevent accidents involving physical hazards.

For questions or to schedule a lab safety review, contact EHS at hazmat@missouri.edu.